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Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, and Bisphenol S: The Bad and the Ugly. Where Is the Good?

Authors :
Sophie Fouyet
Elodie Olivier
Pascale Leproux
Mélody Dutot
Patrice Rat
Source :
Life, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 314 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a reprotoxic and endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been substituted by alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in the plastic industry. Despite their detection in placenta and amniotic fluids, the effects of bisphenols on human placental cells have not been characterized. Our objective was to explore in vitro and to compare the toxicity of BPA to its substitutes BPF and BPS to highlight their potential risks for placenta and then pregnancy. Methods: Human placenta cells (JEG-Tox cells) were incubated with BPA, BPF, and BPS for 72 h. Cell viability, cell death, and degenerative P2X7 receptor and caspases activation, and chromatin condensation were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Incubation with BPA, BPF, or BPS was associated with P2X7 receptor activation and chromatin condensation. BPA and BPF induced more caspase-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation than BPS. Only BPF enhanced caspase-8 activity. Conclusions: BPA, BPF, and BPS are all toxic to human placental cells, with the P2X7 receptor being a common key element. BPA substitution by BPF and BPS does not appear to be a safe alternative for human health, particularly for pregnant women and their fetuses.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20751729
Volume :
11
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Life
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.9150d791e10641faafeb3c330a4b1807
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/life11040314