Assessing pain management in total joint arthroplasty using the Detroit interventional pain assessment scale—A prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is an effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis, but postoperative pain has been poorly managed. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess how much narcotic medication was prescribed after TJA; (2) assess if patients were satisfied with their pain management; (3) compare these same data between total hip arthroplasty (THA)/total knee arthroplasty (TKA); (4) compare these same data between preoperative opioid users/opioid-naïve patients. Methods An IRB-approved prospective study was conducted at a US academic joint replacement practice. Patients were evaluated by an independent observer at three weeks, three months, and six months postoperatively using the Detroit Interventional Pain Assessment (DIPA) scale. Patients verbally rated their pain with their current medication regimen as 0 (no pain), 1 (tolerable pain), or 2 (intolerable pain) on the DIPA scale. Narcotic usage was verified by the Michigan Automated Prescription System (MAPS). Patients were divided into THA, TKA, previously on opioids, and opioid-naïve groups. Provider efficiency scores reflected pain management satisfaction and were calculated as the percentage of patients reporting no pain or tolerable pain. Results Out of 200 patients, the percentage of patients using narcotics and their daily usage (MMEs) significantly decreased from 75.5% (27.5 MMEs) at three weeks to 42.9% (5.3 MMEs) at six months (P