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Acute and Chronic Ethanol Effects during Adolescence on Neuroimmune Responses: Consequences and Potential Pharmacologic Interventions

Authors :
Kala N. Nwachukwu
Hassan E. Mohammed
DaQuan R. Mebane
Andrew W. Barber
H. Scott Swartzwelder
S. Alex Marshall
Source :
Cells, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 1423 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

Heavy ethanol consumption during adolescence has been linked to neuroimmune response dysregulation and cognitive deficits in the developing adolescent brain. During adolescence, the brain is particularly susceptible to the pharmacological effects of ethanol that are induced by acute and chronic bouts of exposure. Numerous preclinical rodent model studies have used different ethanol administration techniques, such as intragastric gavage, self-administration, vapor, intraperitoneal, and free access, and while most models indicated proinflammatory neuroimmune responses in the adolescent brain, there are various factors that appear to influence this observation. This review synthesizes the most recent findings of the effects of adolescent alcohol use on toll-like receptors, cytokines, and chemokines, as well as the activation of astrocytes and microglia with an emphasis on differences associated with the duration of ethanol exposure (acute vs. chronic), the amount of exposure (e.g., dose or blood ethanol concentrations), sex differences, and the timing of the neuroimmune observation (immediate vs. persistent). Finally, this review discusses new therapeutics and interventions that may ameliorate the dysregulation of neuroimmune maladaptations after ethanol exposure.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20734409
Volume :
12
Issue :
10
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Cells
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.8f9bf47d42d94012bf23e7a762a8f8fc
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101423