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Assessment of the pulmonary adaptive immune response to Cladosporium cladosporioides infection using an experimental mouse model

Authors :
Xiaoping Ma
Jing Hu
Yan Yu
Chengdong Wang
Yu Gu
Sanjie Cao
Xiaobo Huang
Yiping Wen
Qin Zhao
Rui Wu
Zhicai Zuo
Junliang Deng
Zhihua Ren
Shumin Yu
Liuhong Shen
Zhijun Zhong
Guangneng Peng
Source :
Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Nature Portfolio, 2021.

Abstract

Abstract Cladosporium cladosporioides causes asthma and superficial and deep infections, mostly in immunodeficient individuals and animals. This study aimed to investigate whether C. cladosporioides spores can enter the lungs through pulmonary circulation and influence pulmonary immune response. We intravenously injected mice with C. cladosporioides spore suspension and conducted several assays on the lungs. Pulmonary hemorrhage symptoms and congestion were most severe on days 1, 2, and 3 post-inoculation (PI). Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration occurred throughout the period of infection. More spores and hyphae colonizing the lungs were detected on days 1, 2, and 3 PI, and fewer spores and hyphae were observed within 21 d of infection. Numerous macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils were observed on day 5 PI, along with upregulation of CD54, an intercellular adhesion molecule. Th1 and Th2 cells increased after infection; specifically, Th2 cells increased considerably on day 5 PI. These results suggest that days 2 and 5 PI represent the inflammatory peak in the lungs and that the Th2 and Th1 signaling pathways are potentially involved in pulmonary immune responses. In conclusion, the further adaptive immune responses played important roles in establishing effective pulmonary immunity against C. cladosporioides systemic infections based on innate immune responses.

Subjects

Subjects :
Medicine
Science

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20452322
Volume :
11
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Scientific Reports
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.8f8f1288b2146dbb28a36c3942571dc
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79642-y