Surface Water and Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation Based on Hydrochemical Analysis in the Lower Mayurakshi River Basin, India

The present work investigates the hydrochemical properties of the surface and groundwater of the Mayurakshi River Basin (India) for assessing their irrigation suitability with respect to irrigation hazards. The study involves 72 water samples classified as 48 surface water samples (pre-monsoon: 24; post-monsoon: 24) and 24 groundwater samples (pre-monsoon:12; post-monsoon: 12). Regarding the specific irrigation hazard, percent of sodium and soluble sodium percentage have demonstrated the groundwater vulnerability to sodium while the surface water is observed to be free from this kind of hazard. Similar findings have also been retained for magnesium hazard and the potential salinity hazard. Moreover, regarding the seasonality of the hazards, the post-monsoon season has depicted a higher level of irrigation hazards compared to the pre-monsoon season. The study found that the general evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry and the suitability of water for irrigation are principally governed by carbonate weathering, sand mining, stone crushing, and the development of brick kiln industries. Our methodology can be a good example for similar contexts, especially in developing and tropical countries.