The application of dynamic light scattering to complex plasmas

The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique is applied to the dust component of a complex (dusty) plasma, revealing a Gaussian intensity autocorrelation function for scattering angles between 4° and 175°. The Gaussian decay form represents free (ballistic) particle motion and allows determination of the one-dimensional squared particle velocity $\left \langle v_x^2\right \rangle $ . At scattering angles below 1°, the intensity autocorrelation function is shown to be a combination of a Gaussian and an exponential function. This allows determination of the particle velocity and the diffusion constants at the same time. The dust system is fully described by the two components of motion in the horizontal and vertical directions. The two components are simultaneously measured on two scattering paths using only a single incident laser beam. In contrast to standard imaging techniques, the DLS method can be applied even to the disordered phase state where the dust particles have very high kinetic energies. In the ordered phase state, the assumptions of the DLS approach were verified by the independent Charge Coupled Device technique on the fundamental kinetic level. Furthermore, a careful discussion of the standard deviation of the DLS method proves that it can be used to study phase transitions of complex plasmas in detail.