Interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and co-regulation of mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression in reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between Carassius auratus red var. × Cyprinus carpio L.

Genetic interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes always play an important role in growth and development. However, it is not feasible to directly perform these studies in some animals. The reciprocal hybrid fishes obtained from intergeneric hybridization are an effective research model for the same nuclear genome and different mitochondrial genomes. The transcriptomes of embryonic development (Blastula Period, Gastrula Period, Segmentation Period and Hatching Period) were obtained from the two reciprocal hybrids of Carassius auratus red var. (RCC) ​× ​Cyprinus carpio L. (CC) and their parents. Most of the reads (average ​> ​99.90%) in the transcriptome of F1-RC (C. auratus red var. (♀) ​× ​C. carpio L. (♂)) and F1-CR (C. carpio L. (♀) ​× ​C. auratus red var. (♂)) were optimally mapped to the maternal mitochondrial genome (MMG), respectively. Then, the other reads with optimally mapped to paternal mitochondrial genome exhibited that the partial coverages and low-level (