Novel distance-progesterone-combined selection approach improves human sperm quality

Abstract Background Sperm selection is essential for the health of offspring conceived via assistive reproductive technology (ART). Various methods of sperm preparation for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection have been developed to acquire sperm with better quality and to avoid potential genetic disorders. However, current sperm processing and selection techniques bypass the natural selection that occurs during fertilization in vivo. The aim of this study was to present a novel distance-progesterone-combined selection approach with an original device based on the human female reproductive tract, and to report on its effectiveness based on sperm progressive motility, as well as chemotaxis. Methods A novel device with long distance channels which mimicked the female human reproductive system was designed and fabricated. This ready-to-be-used device was developed using a progesterone gradient and human tube fluid media. Sperm swam for 150 min in the device under conditions of 37 °C air temperature with 5% CO2 after separation from seminal plasma via discontinuous Percoll gradient treatment. The selected sperm were assessed for normal morphology using Diff-Quik staining. A chromatin diffusion assay assessed sperm for DNA fragments and apoptosis was assessed using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide fluorescent staining. Results Our distance-progesterone-combined sperm selection method was successfully established. After sperm were selected, the percentage of sperm with normal morphology increased (before vs. after selection, 11.2 ± 1.3% vs. 40.3 ± 6.6%, P = 0.000), the percentage of sperm with DNA fragmentation decreased (before vs. after selection, 15.4 ± 4.0% vs. 6.8 ± 3.3%, P = 0.001), and the percentage of sperm with apoptosis did not change significantly. Conclusions Our newly-developed method is capable of successfully selecting sperm of high quality. The method will be benefit clinical ART practice as it can reduce sperm-related genetic risks.