Research progress of microglia causing and promoting Alzheimer's disease

Microglia is a kind of immune cell in nervous system and has dual regulatory function. It not only streng then phagocytosis, release anti-inflammatory factors to maintain the homeostasis of brain tissues and protect neurons, but also increase the inflammatory response and reduce the scavenging ability of harmful proteins to damage neurons. Under the influence of aging, the expression of CD33 in microglia increased while the expression of TREM2 decreased. In terms of activated phenotype, microglia in the aged population are more inclined to be activated into a pro-inflammatory phenotype, thus promoting the occurrence and progression of AD. In this paper, the mechanisms of microglia inducing and promoting AD were reviewed from the aspects of microglia gene expression, proinflammatory phenotype and immune regulation, in order to provide new strategy for the treatment of AD through microglia.