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Ocular Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era

Authors :
Mingming Yang
Koju Kamoi
Yuan Zong
Jing Zhang
Yaru Zou
Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
Source :
Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 12, p 1417 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Japan in 2008, the spectrum of ocular manifestations in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has changed. This study, conducted at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between January 2012 and August 2023, aimed to understand the epidemiology and clinical features of ocular manifestations in patients with HIV during the cART era. Of the 218 patients diagnosed with HIV, 23 (10.55%) exhibited ocular manifestations; all were male, aged 32–73. The most prevalent ocular complication was uveitis (60.67%). Notably, the prevalence of uveitis in this cART era has surged compared to earlier Japanese studies. Our data also suggest a potential direct link between uveitis and HIV, particularly in patients who have not yet undergone cART. However, cytomegalovirus retinitis, another prevalent ocular disease in our study, appeared more strongly associated with patients who commenced cART. Neither ocular condition was significantly correlated with CD4+ T-cell count. Importantly, our observed ocular manifestation prevalence (10.55%) was lower than that in previous studies, emphasizing the potential influence of cART and national healthcare support. These findings provide unique insights into the evolution of ocular manifestations in patients with HIV in Japan amidst cART availability.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20760817
Volume :
12
Issue :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Pathogens
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.8933d931bbec4e31931b36d100d30305
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12121417