From St. Petersburg to Naples: A Historical Analysis of Russo-Neapolitan Diplomacy during the Risorgimento

The article analyzes Russo-Neapolitan relations in the context of the Risorgimento — a period of Italian unification marked by significant social and political changes in 19th-century Europe. We explore how the geopolitical situation, particularly following the Franco-Austrian War of 1805-1806, catalyzed Neapolitan closeness with the Russian Empire, viewed as a potential protector against aggression from France and Austria. Amidst instability, Neapolitan leadership sought reforms, including the abolition of feudalism and the introduction of new legal norms, aligning with Russia's ambitions to strengthen its positions in Italian territories. However, French and Austrian influence, along with internal conflicts in Naples, hindered deeper connections with Russia. As a result, despite initial enthusiasm, Russian-Neapolitan diplomacy encountered significant obstacles, leading to the search for alternative alliances with other powers. The article highlights the interconnection between internal reforms and foreign policy, examining the influence of foreign nations on the Italian unification process and the political dynamics of Naples.