Train Timetabling Optimisation Model Considering Headway Coordination between Mainline and Depot

This paper proposes an optimisation model for an urban rail transit line timetable considering headway coordination between the mainline and the depot during the transition period. The model accounts for the tracking operation scenario of trains inserted from the depot onto the mainline and related train operation constraints. The optimisation objectives are the number of trains inserted, maximum train capacity rate and average headway deviation. Second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. A case study shows that optimisation achieves a total of 25 trains inserted, a maximum train capacity rate of 0.975 and an average headway deviation of 9.5 s, resulting in significant improvements in train operations and passenger satisfaction. Compared with the current train timetable before optimisation, the average dwell time and the maximum train capacity rate at various stations have been reduced after optimisation. The proposed model and approach can be used for train timetabling optimisation and managing the operations of urban rail transit lines.