Intrauterine injection of bioengineered hydrogel loaded exosomes derived from HUCM stem cells and spermidine prominently augments the pregnancy rate in thin endometrium rats

The endometrium is essential to the development of embryos and pregnancy. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) are promising stem cell sources. HUCMSCs self-renew quickly and are painless to collect. Spermidine is an inherent polyamine needed for cellular and molecular processes that regulate physiology and function. HUCMSCs and spermidine (SN) may heal intrauterine adhesions. HUCMSCs were investigated for endometrial repair in rats. Composite hydrogels are used for medical exosome implantation, including their materials, properties, and embedding procedures. This study examined whether bioengineered hydrogel-loaded exosomes from HUCMSCs and spermidine prenatally improved conception rates in mice with poor endometrial lining. The data show that HUCMSC and SN provide a good experimental base for HUCMSC safety and intrauterine treatment in rats. Western blots, exosome structural analysis, pregnancy outcomes, flow cytometry, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence labelling found and recovered the aberrant area. HUCM-derived stem cells and spermidine-derived exosomes biophysically match. These traits strengthen and prolong endometrial function. Pregnant rats with HUCMSC and SN had thinner endometrium. Hydrogel-incorporated HEHUCMSC and SN exosomes may improve IUI in rats with thin endometrium.