Hydrogen fueling station: review of the technological state of hydrogen fuel usage

RELEVANCE. In the modern world, on the verge of global climate change, the search and implementation of alternative energy sources become particularly significant. Hydrogen energy is one of the most promising directions, offering a revolutionary approach to the decarbonization of various industrial sectors. The development of technologies related to the production, storage, and use of hydrogen opens new horizons for creating a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy infrastructure.OBJECTIVE. To review the technological state of hydrogen refueling stations (HRS), analyze the latest global trends and developments in this area, identify factors contributing to the efficiency of HRS components, and present thermodynamic principles of hydrogen fuel use. To outline the main problems associated with the need for widespread implementation of hydrogen infrastructure and to identify potential directions for their resolution. To develop suggestions for creating a modular layout of a container-type hydrogen station, which will allow a flexible approach to organizing hydrogen infrastructure with the possibility of rapid scaling and adaptation under various operating conditions.METHODS. Based on the use of literature data. The method of prototyping an autonomous hydrogen refueling station was used, and mathematical calculations of thermodynamic processes occurring in the components of HRS were conducted.RESULTS. Studies in the field of technological state of stations have been examined and systematized, and development trends have been identified. The main components involved in the operation of a hydrogen station are described. Thermodynamic processes of hydrogen fuel use that contribute to a significant reduction in energy consumption of hydrogen stations have been investigated.CONCLUSION. The hydrogen station combines efficient conversion of hydrogen into electricity, minimization of emissions, energy independence, and flexibility in energy storage. Determining the optimal operating parameters of HRS equipment based on the thermodynamics of processes, considering the specifics of temperature regimes of Russian regions, is important for reducing costs and increasing the energy efficiency of hydrogen fuel systems. The proposed structure of the container-type HRS is an optimal platform for subsequent modernizations and innovations in the field of hydrogen technologies.