Intelligent Systems for Muscle Tracking: A Review on Sensor‐Algorithm Synergy

Advanced technologies for muscle tracking provide easy access to identify and track muscle activity, often for the purposes of therapeutic interventions. The necessity of muscle trackers arises from the acute and chronic sources that disrupt neuromuscular control, resulting in an impaired ability to perform daily activities without assistance. In the context of human–machine interfaces, muscle trackers can serve as the “sensory” component, providing real‐time information to machines, such as exoskeletons and prosthetics, that can act upon such information for therapeutic and functional aid. Recently developed devices for muscle tracking rely on combinations of sensor modalities and algorithms to extract information from biosignals track muscle activity, or even extrapolate kinematic information, including gestures. However, a number of obstacles remain to be overcome to further facilitate the practical implementation of muscle‐tracking technologies, the most notable being real‐time analysis of biosignal data and extracting kinematic information from complex movements. This review attempts to cover the mechanisms behind various sensor modalities and algorithms commonly used for muscle tracking, as well as establish the current state of applications within the field. Given its multidisciplinary nature and ability to free users from rehabilitation constraints, the field of muscle tracking holds significant promise for future study.