Comparison and Synthesis of Precipitation Data from CloudSat CPR and GPM KaPR

Employing different bands of radar to detect precipitation information in identical regions enables the acquisition of a more comprehensive precipitation cloud structure, thereby refining the continuity and completeness of precipitation measurements. This study first compared the coincident data from CloudSat W-band cloud profiling radar (CPR) and Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) Ka-band precipitation radar (KaPR) from 2014 to 2017, and then a synthesis of the radar reflectivity from CPR and KaPR was attempted to obtain a complete cloud and precipitation structure. The findings of the reflectivity comparisons indicated that the echo-top height identified by CPR is on average 3.6 to 4.2 km higher than that from KaPR, due to the higher sensitivity. Because of strong attenuation of CPR by liquid-phase particles, the reflectivity below the height of the melting layer usually shows an opposite gradient to KaPR with decreasing altitude. The difference in the near-surface rain rates of CPR and KaPR was found to be related to reflectivity gradients in the vertical direction, and the larger the reflectivity gradients, the greater the differences in near-surface rain rates. For better representing the complete vertical structure of precipitation clouds and improving the consistency of the reflectivity and precipitation rate, the radar reflectivity was weighted, synthesized from CPR and KaPR based on the gradient difference of the reflectivity from the two radars. We presented the synthesis results for a stratiform cloud and a deep convective case, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) between the GPM combined radiometer precipitation rate and the radar reflectivity was utilized to analyze the performance of the synthesis. The consistency between synthesized reflectivity and precipitation rate in the non-liquid phase was improved compared with KaPR, and the rs of the ice and mixed phases was increased by about 12% and 10%, respectively.