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Differential Cytokine Levels during Normothermic Kidney Perfusion with Whole Blood- or Red Blood Cell-Based Perfusates—Results of a Scoping Review and Experimental Study

Authors :
Julie De Beule
Delphine Keppens
Hannelie Korf
Ina Jochmans
Source :
Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 22, p 6618 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

The ideal composition of the perfusate for normothermic kidney perfusion is unknown, though the perfusate commonly used to perfuse human kidneys contains leukocyte-depleted packed red blood cells (RBC), as this is believed to prevent excessive inflammation. We performed a systematic search identifying 19 articles reporting on cytokine levels during normothermic pig or human kidney perfusion. Cytokine levels varied widely across the reported studies. No direct comparisons of perfusate cytokines during perfusion with RBC or whole blood were performed, and no data on how these levels are influenced by ischemia are available. Therefore, we compared perfusate IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8, and CCL2 levels during 4 h normothermic pig kidney perfusion with a whole blood- or RBC-based perfusate. Kidneys were exposed to either 1 h of warm or 22 h of cold ischemia. We found no evidence of different perfusate cytokine or gene expression levels in whole blood or RBC perfusions. There was no clear evidence to suggest that cytokine concentrations differ between ischemically injured kidneys and controls. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are detectable in the perfusate and urine of kidneys undergoing normothermic perfusion. It is unclear how cytokine levels change in different ischemic conditions and whether the use of a leukocyte filter plays a role.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20770383
Volume :
11
Issue :
22
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.818b876bb981474f86e9390e5a170299
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226618