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Pulmonary Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis: A 22-Year, Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study

Authors :
Vivian Fichman
Caroline Graça Mota-Damasceno
Anna Carolina Procópio-Azevedo
Fernando Almeida-Silva
Priscila Marques de Macedo
Denise Machado Medeiros
Guis Saint-Martin Astacio
Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
Source :
Journal of Fungi, Vol 8, Iss 5, p 536 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2022.

Abstract

Pulmonary sporotrichosis is a rare condition. It can present as a primary pulmonary disease, resulting from direct Sporothrix species (spp). conidia inhalation, or as part of multifocal sporotrichosis with multiple organ involvement, mainly in immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics and clinical course of patients with positive cultures for Sporothrix spp. from pulmonary specimens (sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage) at a reference center in an area hyperendemic for zoonotic sporotrichosis. The clinical records of these patients were reviewed. Fourteen patients were included, and Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified in all cases. Disseminated sporotrichosis was the clinical presentation in 92.9% of cases, and primary pulmonary sporotrichosis accounted for 7.1%. Comorbidities included human immunodeficiency virus infection (78.6%), alcoholism (71.4%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.3%). Treatment with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole was the preferred regimen and was prescribed in 92.9% of cases. Sporotrichosis-related death occurred in 42.9% while 35.7% of patients were cured. In five cases there was a probable contamination from upper airway lesions. Despite the significant increase in sporotrichosis cases, pulmonary sporotrichosis remains rare. The treatment of disseminated sporotrichosis is typically difficult. Prompt diagnosis and identification of all affected organs are crucial for better prognosis.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2309608X
Volume :
8
Issue :
5
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Fungi
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.817267df84348e98e1dcf512273d7dd
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050536