两种买麻藤种仁形态及营养品质分析与评价Analysis and evaluation on morphology and nutritional quality of two kinds of Gnetum seed kernels

为合理开发利用买麻藤种仁，以云南省垂子买麻藤种仁和小叶买麻藤种仁为研究对象，对其形态指标和营养品质指标进行分析及评价，并对基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质元素等60项营养品质指标进行相关性分析。结果表明：垂子买麻藤种仁的长、宽、长宽比、千粒重形态指标均较大，分别是小叶买麻藤种仁的1.78、1.58、1.12倍和4.15倍；垂子买麻藤种仁的粗蛋白质（13.53%）、可溶性糖（6.25%）、总黄酮（1.09%）、γ-氨基丁酸（1.98 mg/g）、Ca（607.30 mg/kg）、Mn（46.44 mg/kg）、Ni（5.48 mg/kg）含量和硬脂酸（25.42%）、α-亚麻酸（1.49%）、γ-亚麻酸（2.63%）相对含量均极显著高于小叶买麻藤种仁的（p＜0.01），小叶买麻藤种仁的干物质（59.56%）、淀粉（53.49%）、粗脂肪（2.48%）、粗纤维（2.50%）、P（2 812.73 mg/kg）、Mg（1 619.95 mg/kg）、Na（8.41 mg/kg）、Zn（11.87 mg/kg）、Sr(2.26 mg/kg)、亮氨酸（15.13 mg/g）等10种氨基酸含量和花生酸（1.78%）、油酸（17.41%）相对含量均极显著高于垂子买麻藤种仁的（p＜0.01）；相关性分析结果显示，有约40%的营养品质指标间具有极强的相关性。综上，两种买麻藤种仁在形态指标和营养品质指标中均存在明显差异，具有不同的营养特征。In order to develop and utilize the Gnetum seed kernel rationally, the morphology and nutritional quality indexes of seed kernels of Gnetum pendulum and Gnetum parvifolium from Yunnan province were analyzed and evaluated, and the correlation of 60 nutritional quality indexes including basic nutritional components, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral elements were analyzed. The results showed that the length, width, ratio of length to width and 1 000-grain weight of Gnetum pendulum seed kernel were higher, which were 1.78, 1.58, 1.12 times and 4.15 times as many as Gnetum parvifolium seed kernel. The contents of crude protein (13.53%), soluble sugar (6.25%), total flavone (1.09%), γ-aminobutyric acid (1.98 mg/g), Ca (607.30 mg/kg), Mn (46.44 mg/kg), Ni (5.48 mg/kg) and the relative content of stearic acid (25.42%), α-linolenic acid (1.49%), γ-linolenic acid (2.63%) of Gnetum pendulum seed kernel were significantly higher than those of Gnetum parvifolium seed kernel (p