Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities During COVID-19

Hamka,1– 3 Mein-Woei Suen,2,4– 6 Yoga Achmad Ramadhan,7 Muhammad Yusuf,8 Jui-Hsing Wang9 1Department of Healthcare Administration Specialty in Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 2Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 3Department of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia; 4Gender Equality Education and Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 5Department of Medical Research, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 6Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 7Department Of Psychology, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Samarinda, Samarinda, Indonesia; 8Department of Islamic Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia; 9Department of Infection, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mein-Woei Suen, Department of Psychology, Asia University, No. 500, Liufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China, Tel +886-937704646, Email blake@asia.edu.twPurpose: This study investigated how spirituality as a defensive factor of psychological well-being reduces anxiety among Indonesian Muslims during the pandemic COVID-19.Patients and Methods: Data were collected from 538 Indonesian Muslims through a survey using the spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress (DAS-21) and examined using structural equation model (SEM) analysis.Results: The empirical results indicate that spirituality is a factor that increases happiness, psychological well-being and mental health among Indonesian Muslims.Conclusion: The study also concluded that spirituality positively and significantly reduces anxiety, depression, and stress. This finding confirms that the spiritual beliefs of Indonesian Muslims can play a significant role in improving mental health during pandemic. This study can control mental illness based on spirituality theory and practice.Keywords: anxiety, depression, COVID-19 pandemic, spiritual well-being, stress, structural equation model, SEM