Balance and modulation of immunoediting for cancer treatment using synergistic nano-photo-immuno effects

Nanotechnology, photonics, and immunotherapy are far-reaching technologies with the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. While each technology has limitations in cancer treatment, they can be synergized to exert profound impact on the balance and modulation of immunoediting in tumor microenvironment (TME) and in the entire host immune system. We provide our perspectives on how nano-photo-immuno interactions can be used as an effective therapy, particularly when combined with other treatment modalities, such as checkpoint immune therapy, chemotherapy, and TME modulation, to provide a long-term, tumor-specific immunity against tumor metastasis and tumor recurrence.