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Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Downregulates the Expression of Protumor Factors Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in a GM-CSF Receptor-Independent Manner in Cervical Cancer Cells
- Source :
- Mediators of Inflammation, Vol 2015 (2015)
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with the pathogenic processes of various tumor types. COX-2 and iNOS expression in the immunomodulatory dendritic cells is mediated by the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is also expressed by cervical cancer cells; however, whether and how GM-CSF regulates COX-2 and iNOS expression in clinical cervical cancer cells remain unknown. In this study, we found that the COX-2 and iNOS expression was upregulated in the cervical cancer tissues and positively correlated with cancer metastasis and stage. About one-half of the cervical cancer tissues showed strong/moderate GM-CSF expression, while the normal cervical tissues showed >80% positive rate; no GM-CSFR protein was detectable on the cervical cancer cells. The GM-CSF expression was negatively correlated with the COX-2 and iNOS expression in the cervical cancer tissues and the functional negative regulatory effect of GM-CSF on COX-2/iNOS expression was demonstrated in various cervical cancer cell lines. Therefore, in cervical cancer cells, GM-CSF might contribute an antitumor response by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression in a GM-CSFR independent manner.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 09629351 and 14661861
- Volume :
- 2015
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Mediators of Inflammation
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.7df0e5ec55894f61b434619353790fb2
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/601604