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Recovery of Phosphorus and Metals from the Ash of Sewage Sludge, Municipal Solid Waste, or Wood Biomass: A Review and Proposals for Further Use
- Source :
- Materials, Vol 16, Iss 21, p 6948 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2023.
-
Abstract
- This review provides an overview of methods to extract valuable resources from the ash fractions of sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, and wood biomass combustion. The resources addressed here include critical raw materials, such as phosphorus, base and precious metals, and rare earth elements for which it is increasingly important to tap into secondary sources in addition to the mining of primary raw materials. The extraction technologies prioritized in this review are based on recycled acids or excess renewable energy to achieve an optimum environmental profile for the extracted resources and provide benefits in the form of local industrial symbioses. The extraction methods cover all scarce and valuable chemical elements contained in the ashes above certain concentration limits. Another important part of this review is defining potential applications for the mineral residues remaining after extraction. Therefore, the aim of this review is to combine the knowledge of resource extraction technology from ashes with possible applications of mineral residues in construction and related sectors to fully close material cycle loops.
- Subjects :
- critical raw materials
extraction
sewage sludge ash
municipal solid waste incineration ash
wood biomass ash
Technology
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
TK1-9971
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TA1-2040
Microscopy
QH201-278.5
Descriptive and experimental mechanics
QC120-168.85
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961944
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 21
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Materials
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.7de31c3dd950442daa0f92d326fd9067
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216948