Measurement and influencing factors of TFEE, and potentials of energy conservation and emission reduction in china based on GW-SBM and bootstrap model

With the aggravation of energy shortage and ecological deterioration, it becomes more and more essential for China to improve energy efficiency and realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper focuses on the measurement of the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE), the potentials of energy conservation and emission reduction, and the influencing factors of TFEE in China. Firstly, the model of Gray Weight Slack-Based Measure (GW-SBM) is established, with the weights of the indicators obtained via the grey relational analysis method, to calculate the TFEE of thirty provinces and six regions in China from 2009 to 2019. Then, the potentials of energy conservation and emission reduction are analyzed on the basis of TFEE measurements. Finally, the influencing factors of TFEE are identified via the truncated bootstrap model. The findings show that the TFEE values of 30 provinces fluctuate in the range of 0.20 and 1.0, varying significantly among provinces. Energy conservation potential reached 8.7490 million tons of standard coal (potential 39.06%), which means that more than one-third of energy consumption is inefficient. The top two factors in the TFEE measurement identified by the truncated bootstrap model, are energy consumption structure and environmental protection expenditure. Based on the research conclusions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.