Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment

Jiandong Wang,1– 3,* Jinyuan Ma,1,4,* Zongguang Tai,1,4,* Lisha Li,1,4 Tingrui Zhang,1,4 Tingting Cheng,1– 3 Junxia Yu,1– 3 Quangang Zhu,1,4 Leilei Bao,2 Zhongjian Chen1,4 1Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Leilei Bao; Zhongjian Chen, Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University ; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 21 81875571 ; +86 21 36803007, Email annabao212@126.com; aajian818@163.comAbstract: Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system’s maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors. Nanotechnology-enabled ICD has emerged as a compelling therapeutic strategy for augmenting cancer immunotherapy. Nanoparticles possess versatile attributes, such as prolonged blood circulation, stability, and tumor-targeting capabilities, rendering them ideal for drug delivery. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying ICD induction and associated therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we provide a concise overview of the immune stress response associated with ICD and explore the potential synergistic benefits of combining ICD induction methods with the utilization of nanocarriers.Keywords: immunogenic cell death, melanoma, immunotherapy, damage associated molecular patterns, nanocarrier