Thermoplastic Sugar Palm Starch Reinforced Graphene Nanoplatelets for Sustainable Biocomposite Films

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were incorporated into thermoplastic starch (TPS) films, and effects on water absorption and mechanical properties were investigated. GNP inclusion formed a barrier that significantly reduced water absorption, resulting in denser TPS/GNP films. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed changes in chemical interactions, and FESEM analysis showed improved GNP dispersion at this concentration. Water contact angle results indicated increased hydrophobicity with higher GNP content. Positive influences on mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and Young's modulus, were observed at 12 wt% GNP, but excessive GNP content caused agglomeration and reduced ductility. The study results highlight the potential of GNP-reinforced TPS films for improved water resistance and mechanical properties, emphasizing the need for careful optimization in future research.