Dinâmica de perfilhamento e fluxo de biomassa em capim-cameroon sob lotação rotativa Tillering dynamics and tissue turnover in elephantgrass cv. Cameroon pasture under rotational stocking

A dinâmica de perfilhamento e o fluxo de tecidos foram estudados em pastagens de Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cameroon mantidas com diferentes taxas de lotação em pastejo rotacionado. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em área experimental com precipitação anual de 1.311 mm e temperatura média de 25ºC. No período das águas, as taxas de lotação foram 3, 4, 5 e 6 novilhos/ha e, no período seco, de 2, 3, 4 e 5 novilhos/ha. Os pastejos mais intensos propiciaram maiores números de perfilhos basais, que variaram de 59,02 a 57,75 e de 64,64 a 81,36 perfilhos/m² nas taxas de lotação de 5 a 6 e 4 a 5 novilhos/ha no período das águas e no período seco. Na estimativa dos perfilhos aéreos, o capim-cameroon proporcionou 350,83 e 278,05 perfilhos/m² nas taxas de lotação de 5 a 6 novilhos/ha, no período das águas. No período seco, a taxa de lotação de 4 novilhos/ha proporcionou 399,20 perfilhos aéreos/m². Com o aumento das taxas de lotação, o alongamento diário de colmo tendeu a diminuir. As taxas de aparecimento (TApF) e de alongamento de folhas (TAlF) não diferiram entre as taxas de lotação nem entre os experimentos; as TApF foram de 0,10 e 0,13 folhas/dia e as TAlF, de 0,82 e 1,36 cm/folha/dia. O número médio de folhas vivas/perfilho foi de 8,04 no período das águas e de 9,51 no período seco e diminuiu com o aumento das taxas de lotação.The population dynamics of tillers and tissue turnover were investigated in pastures of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Cameroon submitted to different stocking rates under rotational stocking. Two experiments were carried out and the experimental area was characterized by a mean annual rainfall of 1,311 mm and average temperature of 25ºC. In the rainfall period the stocking rates were 3, 4, 5, and 6 steers/ha; in the dry period the stocking rates were 2, 3, 4, and 5 steers/ha. The most intensive grazing lead to the greatest number of basal tillers, with values ranging from 59.02 to 57.75 and 64.64 to 81.36 tillers/m² for the stocking rates of 5 to 6 and 4 to 5 steers/ha in the rainfall and dry periods, respectively. Considering the aerial tillers, cameroon grass showed 350.83 and 278.05 tillers/m² for the stocking rates of 5 to 6 steers/ha, in the period of rainfall. In the dry period, the stocking rate of 4 steers/ha lead to 399.20 aerial tillers/m². Increasing stocking rates reduced the daily stem elongation. Leaf appearance rate (TApF) and leaf elongation rate (TAIF) did not differ among stocking rates neither differed between experiments; TapF ranged from 0.10 and 0.13 live leaves/day and TAIF ranged from 0.82 and 1.36 cm/leaf/day. The average number of live leaves/tiller was 8.04 and 9.51 for the rainfall and dry period, respectively, decreasing with increasing stocking rate.