Prevalence of symptoms in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) experience multiple symptoms that occur in complicated patterns and negatively affect patient outcomes. To date, no systematic review has been performed on the prevalence of symptoms in children with ALL. Objective The study aimed to report and analyse the prevalence of symptoms in children with ALL during treatment. Methods A systematic search was conducted in eight databases (PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, China WanFang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for studies published between January 1, 2000, and August 12, 2023. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated and a meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence of symptoms. Results In total, 17 studies were included, from which 34 symptoms were identified. The symptom prevalence ranged between 1.5 and 91.0% and the most frequent symptoms observed were fatigue, lack of energy, dry mouth, lack of appetite, sweating, and feeling irritable, which occurred in at least 60% of the patients. Conclusions Symptoms remain highly prevalent in paediatric patients with ALL, which provides support for the need for symptom assessment in the clinical setting. Specific intervention is urgently needed to mitigate the symptoms in children with ALL and help them cope with the symptom burden.