Ferromagnetic effect on Casson nanofluid flow and transport phenomena across a bi-directional Riga sensor device: Darcy–Forchheimer model

Ferromagnetic hybrid nanofluids can be employed in electronics and microelectronics cooling applications to minimise the accumulation of heat and effectively eliminate excess heat. By increasing the heat transfer rate, these nanofluids serve to maintain suitable operating temperatures and avoid device overheating. This study examines the influence of convective heating on the fluid flow of a three-dimensional ferromagnetic Casson hybrid nanofluid (composed of Mn-ZnFe2O4/CoFe2O4 nanoparticles) over a radiative Riga sensor device. The investigation takes place within a permeable medium characterised by Darcy–Forchheimer dynamics. Additionally, the analysis incorporates the assessment of the interaction of viscous dissipation. To establish a standardised set of governing partial differential equations along with their associated boundary circumstances, suitable similarity transformations are implemented. Following this, the resultant transformed ordinary differential equations are efficiently solved using the bvp5c solver. The solution process employs the shooting technique facilitated by MATLAB software. The impact of these influencing factors was carefully observed and thoroughly analysed using graphical representations. Specifically, the effects of pertinent factors on shear stress and heat transfer rates are concisely depicted in tabular formats.