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Effect of Dapagliflozin and Magnesium Supplementation on Renal Magnesium Handling and Magnesium Homeostasis in Metabolic Syndrome

Authors :
Hwee-Yeong Ng
Wei-Hung Kuo
You-Lin Tain
Foong-Fah Leung
Wen-Chin Lee
Chien-Te Lee
Source :
Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 4088 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, and patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is a close link between hypomagnesemia and MetS. Administration of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has been reported to increase serum magnesium levels in patients with diabetes. We investigated the alterations in renal magnesium handling in an animal model of MetS and analyzed the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Adult rats were fed a fructose-rich diet to induce MetS in the first 3 months and were then treated with either dapagliflozin or magnesium sulfate-containing drinking water for another 3 months. Fructose-fed animals had increased insulin resistance, hypomagnesemia, and decreased urinary magnesium excretion. Dapagliflozin treatment improved insulin resistance by decreasing glucose and insulin levels, increased serum magnesium levels, and reduced urinary magnesium excretion. Serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels were decreased in fructose-fed animals, and the levels remained low despite dapagliflozin and magnesium supplementation. In the kidney, claudin-16, TRPM6/7, and FXDY expression was increased in fructose-fed animals. Dapagliflozin increased intracellular magnesium concentration, and this effect was inhibited by TRPM6 blockade and the EGFR antagonist. We concluded that high fructose intake combined with a low-magnesium diet induced MetS and hypomagnesemia. Both dapagliflozin and magnesium sulfate supplementation improved the features of MetS and increased serum magnesium levels. Expression levels of magnesium transporters such as claudin-16, TRPM6/7, and FXYD2 were increased in fructose-fed animals and in those administered dapagliflozin and magnesium sulfate. Dapagliflozin enhances TRPM6-mediated trans-epithelial magnesium transport in renal tubule cells.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Volume :
13
Issue :
11
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nutrients
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.79f591184c54478c84ec887f2cb7a2bd
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114088