The role of extracellular ATP in regulating the functional activity of cells

A search and analysis of scientific articles presented in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, eLibrary for 2000–2024 was carried out. The selection criterion was the presence in the articles of information on the concentration of extracellular ATP in normal and pathological tissues, the mechanisms of purinergic regulation of cell functioning, and the expression of CD73 and CD39 ectonucleotidases on cells, which regulate proinflammatory extracellular ATP catabolism to immunosuppressive adenosine. Modern data are presented on the role of extracellular ATP in the regulation of cell functioning under normal and pathological conditions, during inflammation and the formation of cellular and humoral immune responses, as well as on the study of the mechanisms of purinergic signaling from extracellular ATP in the development of targeted drugs for various diseases, including neoplasms, neurodegenerative and autoimmune pathologies.