Nonequal-length image encryption based on bitplane chaotic mapping

Abstract In recent years, extensive research has focused on encryption algorithms for square images, with relatively little attention given to nonsquare images. This paper introduces a novel encryption algorithm tailored for nonequal length images, integrating bit-plane chaotic mapping and Arnold transformation. To effectively implement the algorithm, the plain image is initially transformed into two equal-sized binary sequences. A new diffusion strategy is then introduced to mutually diffuse these sequences, followed by the use of a chaotic map to control the swapping of binary elements between them, enabling permutation of bits across different bitplanes. Finally, the positional information of the image is scrambled using the Arnold transform, resulting in the generation of the encrypted image. By utilizing nonequal Arnold transformation parameters and the initial value of the Lorenz chaotic map as keys, the transmission of keys is simplified, and the cryptosystem gains infinite key space to resist brute force attacks. Experimental results and security analysis confirm the effectiveness of the proposed quantum image encryption algorithm in encrypting nonsquare images, demonstrating good performance in terms of nonstatistical properties, key sensitivity, and robustness. Furthermore, simulation experiments based on Qiskit successfully validate the correctness and feasibility of the quantum image encryption algorithm.