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Thermal Properties and Flammability Characteristics of a Series of DGEBA-Based Thermosets Loaded with a Novel Bisphenol Containing DOPO and Phenylphosphonate Units
- Source :
- Materials, Vol 15, Iss 21, p 7829 (2022)
- Publication Year :
- 2022
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2022.
-
Abstract
- Despite a recent sustained preoccupation for developing biobased epoxies with enhanced applicability, such products have not been widely accepted for industry because of their inferior characteristics compared to classic petroleum-based epoxy thermosets. Therefore, significant effort is being made to improve the flame retardance of the most commonly used epoxies, such as diglycidyl ether-based bisphenol A (DGEBA), bisphenol F (DGEBF), novalac epoxy, and others, while continuously avoiding the use of hazardous halogen-containing flame retardants. Herein, a phosphorus-containing bisphenol, bis(4-(((4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)(6-oxido-6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin-6-yl)methyl)phenyl) phenylphosphonate (BPH), was synthesized by reacting bis(4-formylphenyl)phenylphosphonate with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde followed by the addition of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to the resulting azomethine groups. Environmentally friendly epoxy-based polymer thermosets were prepared by using epoxy resin as polymer matrix and a mixture of BPH and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) as hardeners. A hyperbranched phthalocyanine polymer (HPc) and BaTiO3 nanoparticles were incorporated into epoxy resin to improve the characteristics of the final products. The structure and morphology of epoxy thermosets were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the flammability characteristics were evaluated by microscale combustion calorimetry. Thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The surface morphology of the char residues obtained by pyrolysis was studied by SEM analysis.
- Subjects :
- epoxy thermosets
phosphorus-containing bisphenol
thermal stability
flame resistant
Technology
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
TK1-9971
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TA1-2040
Microscopy
QH201-278.5
Descriptive and experimental mechanics
QC120-168.85
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19961944
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 21
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Materials
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.778267f771a420aaf814e5afe4ad84b
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217829