Optically induced fabrication of three-dimensional photonic lattice microstructures by using cutting-combination lens

A convenient method for producing three-dimensional photonic lattice microstructures was experimentally demonstrated by using a cutting-combination lens. Three-dimensional photonic lattices are optically induced by (4 + 1) plane waves interference in an iron-doped lithium niobate photorefractive crystal. Induced three-dimensional lattice microstructures are observed and verified by planar guided wave intensity imaging and far-field diffraction pattern. This method is inexpensive and does not require complex adjustment devices. In addition, it also has flexibility and scalability. This method can be used to fabricate other more complex three-dimensional photonic lattice microstructures by designing the cutting-combination lens appropriately.