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Topical Allopurinol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: A Novel Approach for Wound Healing Management

Authors :
Carla Varrica
Manuela Carvalheiro
Catarina Faria-Silva
Carla Eleutério
Giuseppina Sandri
Sandra Simões
Source :
Bioengineering, Vol 8, Iss 12, p 192 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been widely studied as delivery systems for a variety of routes, including the skin. Their composition results in an imperfect lipid matrix, allowing increased drug encapsulation. Allopurinol (AP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is characterized by low water solubility and high melting point, which has hampered its use through the topical route. In this work, AP was incorporated in a NLC formulation to enhance drug-carrier association and skin delivery as a topical approach to treat wounds. AP-NLC system was characterized in terms of size, charge, rheological behavior, and in vitro skin permeation. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using HaCaT cells. The wound healing efficacy of the AP-NLC formulation on animal skin lesions was evaluated in male Wistar rats. The AP-NLC presented a mean size of 193 ± 15 nm with a PdI of 0.240 ± 0.02, zeta potential values around −49.6 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 52.2%. The AP-NLC formulation presented an adequate profile to be used topically, since epidermal and dermal drug retention were achieved. No reduction in HaCaT cells viability was observed at the tested concentrations (AP < 10 μg/mL). The in vivo application of the AP-NLC formulation resulted in the regeneration of skin lesions when compared with non-treated controls.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23065354
Volume :
8
Issue :
12
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Bioengineering
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.764a8c0b76347d1af96d190f45b14e5
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8120192