The role of BCL9 genetic variation as a biomarker for hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered one of the most common cancers related to mortality around the world, and susceptibility is related with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Copy number variation of the Bcell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) gene is a type of structural variation which can influence gene expression and can be related with specific phenotypes and diseases and has a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Our aims were to assess the copy number variation (CNV) in the BCL9 gene and explore its role in HCV-related HCC Egyptian patients. A total of 50 HCV-related HCC patients were enrolled in the study (including 25 early HCC and 25 late HCC cases); the copy number of the BCL9 gene was detected using quantitative polymerase reaction. Results There was a highly statistically significant difference between the two groups (early and late HCC patients) in gender, bilharziasis, performance status, child score class, child grade, focal lesion size, portal vein, and ascites. CNV was detected and represented by the gain in the BCL9 gene in 14% of patients, and all of them were males. Also, it was noticed that the ratio of gain in BCL9 copy number in late individuals was about 1.5 times than that in early HCC individuals. Moreover, our results showed that the distribution of performance status > 1, average and enlarged liver, focal lesion size, thrombosed portal vein, and AFP was higher in patients with BCL9 copy number gain. Conclusion We detected about 14% gain in BCL9 copy number in Egyptian HCC patients. But the variation in copy number of the BCL9 gene did not affect HCC development in our patients’ cohort.