Predicting risk factors for acute pain after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: an observational case control study

Background Inadequate postoperative analgesia is associated with increased risks of various postoperative complications, longer hospital stay, decreased quality of life and higher costs.Objectives This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for moderate-to-severe postoperative pain within the first 24 hours and 24–48 hours after major hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery.Methods Data of patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were collected from January 2018 to August 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of postoperative pain.Results In total, 2180 patients were included in the final analysis. 183 patients (8.4%) suffered moderate-to-severe pain within 24 hours after operation. The independent risk factors associated with moderate-to-severe pain 24 hours after procedures were younger age (OR, 0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98, p