The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on sugar indicators and FGF21 in cardiac tissue of diabetic rat

Training is one of the most effective therapy options for improving the control of type 2 diabetes. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor) has been identified as a novel metabolic regulating factor with substantial anti-diabetic effects in animal models and humans. The goal of this study was to investigate how four weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise affected fasting blood glucose (FBS) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels in the cardiac tissue of male Wistar rats with diabetes. In this study, 24 male Wistar rats aged 10 to 12 weeks and weighing 200250 grams were made diabetic with STZ and separated into three groups: diabetes + aerobic exercise (n=6), diabetes + resistance training (n=6), and sham (n=6) and healthy (n=6) were divided. The training lasted four weeks, with the aerobic group working out five days per week and the resistance group working out six days per week. Blood samples and cardiac tissue were collected for analysis before and after 48 hours of the previous exercise and 12 hours of fasting. To conduct statistical analysis, the SPSS version 26 program was employed. We saw an increase in FGF21 in the training groups compared to the sham group, which was significant in the resistance training group (p=0.008) and also in the healthy group (p=0.02). The results showed that resistance trainings can have a bigger influence on sugar indicators and anti-diabetic cardiac factors like FGF21, and will play an effective role in minimizing the consequences of diabetes.