Functional Connectivity and Anxiety Improvement After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease

Bowen Chang,1,2,* Jiaming Mei,1,2,* Chen Ni,1,2 Chaoshi Niu1,2 1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 2Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease, Hefei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chaoshi Niu, Email niuchaoshi@ustc.edu.cnBackground: Anxiety is one of the most common and disturbing non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, few studies have explored the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) and the rate of anxiety improvement after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the correlation between FC and the rate of anxiety improvement in patients with PD who underwent STN-DBS.Methods: The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of 62 patients with anxious PD (aPD), 68 patients with PD without anxiety (naPD), and 64 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed according to FC. Intergroup comparison and correlation analyses of anxiety improvement rates were performed.Results: The HC, aPD and naPD groups of zFCs were then used for the ANOVA test, and the results were FDR-corrected. There were 24 significant differences in FCs between the three groups. Post tests were conducted between groups found that 15 significantly different FCs were observed between the naPD and aPD groups. In addition, the two FCs in patients with aPD were significantly correlated with the rate of improvement in anxiety.Conclusion: We found that the two FCs in patients with aPD (olfactory cortex and inferior frontal gyrus [IFG] pars orbitalis; inferior temporal gyrus and posterior orbital gyrus) were significantly correlated with the rate of improvement in anxiety. Our study may help us understand the underlying mechanisms by which STN-DBS improves anxiety in PD patients and identify more effective treatment strategies.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, deep brain stimulation, anxiety, functional connectivity, fMRI