A case of high-grade leiomyosarcoma of the bladder with delayed onset and very poor prognosis

Abstract Mesenchymal tumors represent a small number of bladder cancer cases. Leiomyosarcoma is the most common histology with over 100 cases reported in the whole literature. This tumor is been historically considered as highly aggressive and showing a poor prognosis. Despite very low survival rates showed in older reports, some authors indicate that some patients could have a better outcome. We report a review of the literature and a case of high-grade LMS of the bladder in a 68 years old woman. Diagnosis was delayed and disease was locally advanced. Symptoms and imaging of our case first oriented to a gynecologic condition with an adnexal or uterine origin of the mass, and, a genitourinary origin could be unveiled only intra-operatively.