Waste quantification, characterization, and potential for recycling and energy production in universities

Solid waste quantification and characterization are essential for waste management, environmental protection, and resource preservation. This study investigates the quantity and composition of waste at Qassim University (QU), in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The potential for waste recycling and energy production was assessed in this audit based on the waste ingredients. Furthermore, the waste composition was compared between waste generated from both male and female colleges. The total quantity of the generated waste was estimated at 11.6 tons per day during regular study days. The results indicated that waste is generated at a rate of 29 g/day/capita in female colleges and 72 g/day/capita in male colleges. Meanwhile, the generation rate on the main campus was estimated at 278 g/day per capita due to the presence of student and faculty hostels. Waste characterization at QU revealed that plastic and paper are the primary components of the generated waste. Recyclable materials accounted for 87% of the generated waste, while combustible materials for energy production comprised 76%. A pilot study on waste segregation at its source was conducted at the College of Engineering, demonstrating the impact of environmental education on sustainability. The results of this study aid decision-makers in implementing sustainable development programs and resource conservation, aligning with KSA Vision 2030.