Influence of Circumglobal Teleconnection on the Interannual Variability of Winter Precipitation over the Southeast Asian Low-Latitude Highlands

The influence of winter circumglobal teleconnection （CGT） on the interannual variability of winter precipitation in the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands were statistically analyzed using ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）， monthly mean precipitation data from the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data （CHIRPS） developed by the United States Geological Survey and the University of California and the monthly mean precipitation data of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project （GPCP） provided by the Global Precipitation Climatology Center.Results of correlation analysis show that the CGT presents two main patterns with approximately the same variance contribution rate.On the vertical direction， the CGT shows an equivalent barotropic structure with four anomalous centers.During the CGT positive phase， the negative anomalous centers are located near the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Peninsula， and the positive anomalous centers near the Arabian Peninsula and Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands.The first mode of CGT （CGT1） significantly correlates with winter precipitation over the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands on the interannual time scale.When the CGT1 is in the positive phase in winter， the anomalous "anticyclone， cyclone， anticyclone， cyclone" control the Western Europe， the northwestern Arabian Peninsula， the Arabian Sea and Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands， respectively.The anomalous southwesterly wind on the east side of the anomalous cyclone will increase the water vapor from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands.The more water vapor converged and condensed in Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands finally results in heavier winter precipitation over the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands.On the contrary， when the CGT1 is in the negative phase in winter， the Western Europe， the northwestern Arabian Peninsula， the Arabian Sea and the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands are controlled by the anomalous "cyclone， anticyclone， cyclone， anticyclone".The anomalous northeast wind on the east flank of the anomalous anticyclone will reduce the water vapor from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea to the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands.The anomalous divergence and descending motion further lead to less precipitation in winter over the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands.The significant positive correlation between CGT and precipitation over the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands， sharing almost the same key physical process as winter， can be observed in December， January and February.Results of typical case further confirm the key physical process through which the CGT modulates the interannual variability of winter precipitation over the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands.