Willingness-to-Pay and Benefit–Cost Analysis of IPL for Rosacea Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Qing Deng1,2 ,* Shu-ping Zhang1,2 ,* Yu-Xuan Deng,1,2 Fang-fen Liu,1,2 Wei Shi,1– 3 Hong-fu Xie,1– 4 Yi Xiao,1,2 Ying-Xue Huang,1,2 Ji Li1– 4 1Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 2National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying-Xue Huang; Ji LiDepartment of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 186 2755 6448; +86 139 7512 3658Fax +86 0731 8432 8888Email 29103866@qq.com; liji_xy@csu.edu.cnBackground: Intense pulsed light (IPL), as a therapeutic approach for rosacea, had advantage in removing erythema and telangiectasia and was gradually accepted by rosacea patients, but there have been few studies on economic evaluation of this therapy.Purpose: This study aimed to detect willingness-to-pay (WTP) of IPL treatment for rosacea and to conduct a benefit–cost analysis (BCA) among the Chinese population, so as to provide an economic reference for doctors to make treatment decisions.Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study assessed respondent’s demographic characteristics and willingness-to-pay (WTP) of IPL and rosacea patients’ clinical data and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). WTP was obtained by contingent valuation (CV) method. In brief, contrast figures of three cases treated with IPL (Case1, Case2, and Case3 represented the increasing severity of rosacea) were showed and WTP was inquired. The costs were obtained according the market and compared with WTP (benefits) to get a benefit–cost ratio (BCR). Predictors of cost-effective WTP were identified using the multivariable logistic regression model.Results: A total of 303 rosacea patients and 202 controls were included in the study. The average cost of a single IPL treatment for rosacea was USD 208.04 in Changsha, China. The mean WTP for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 was USD 201.57, 214.64, and 221.74, respectively. WTP was statistically lower for Case 1 than that for Case 2 or Case 3 (P< 0.05). The BCRs were 0.85, 1.03, and 1.06 for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. WTP is significantly associated with household monthly income, previous treatment cost, and DLQI after adjustments for demographic characteristics (P< 0.05).Conclusion: IPL is an acceptable treatment for rosacea with moderate to severe erythema. For patients with relatively high income or severely impaired quality of life, IPL is an economically feasible therapy and deserves to be recommended.Keywords: benefit-cost analysis, intense pulsed light, rosacea, willingness-to-pay, economic evaluation