Active Fault-Locating Scheme for Hybrid Distribution Line Based on Mutation of Aerial-Mode Injected Pulse

Due to the overlap of initial traveling wave signals, the traveling wave propagation process in hybrid distribution lines is complicated to analyze. The most significant challenge posed by the traditional passive traveling wave-locating method for hybrid distribution lines lies in identifying the fault section and distinguishing the reflected wave from the fault point or the hybrid connection points. Based on this approach, with the application of the aerial-mode component of the pulse signal generated at the fault point, a fault-section-identification and fault-locating scheme for hybrid distribution feeders with active pulse injection is proposed. When power in a line is cut after a single-to-line ground (SLG) fault occurs, the same pulse is injected into the three phases from the neutral point of the coupling capacitor bank to construct the zero-mode component, which propagates to the SLG fault three-phase asymmetrical point, producing an aerial-mode component that is reflected back to the first end of the line. With the application of the arrival time of an aerial-mode wavefront, it is simple to locate the SLG fault for arbitrary forms of hybrid lines. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the fault-locating scheme under different feeders, different fault locations, and fault resistances. The results of the experiments confirm the high practical value of the proposed method.