Revolutionizing Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Promise of Stem Cell Therapy

Leonidas D Panos,1,2 Panagiotis Bargiotas,2 Marcel Arnold,1 Georgios Hadjigeorgiou,2 Georgios D Panos3,4 1Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland; 2Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals (NUH), Nottingham, UK; 4Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKCorrespondence: Leonidas D Panos, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital “Inselspital”, Freiburgstrasse 16, Bern, 3010, Switzerland, Tel +41 31 632 70 00, Email ldpanos@yahoo.gr Georgios D Panos, Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s Medical Centre, NUH, Derby Road, Lenton, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK, Tel +44 115 924 9924, Email gdpanos@gmail.comAbstract: Stem cells, renowned for their unique regenerative capabilities, present significant hope in treating stroke, a major cause of disability globally. This review offers a detailed analysis of stem cell applications in stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) recovery. It examines therapies based on autologous (patient-derived), allogeneic (donor-derived), and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) based stem cells, focusing on cell types such as Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs), Bone Marrow Mononuclear Stem Cells (BMMSCs), and Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSCs). The paper compiles clinical trial data to evaluate their effectiveness and safety and addresses the ethical concerns of these innovative treatments. By explaining the mechanisms of stem cell-induced neurological repair, this review underscores stem cells’ potential in revolutionizing stroke rehabilitation and suggests avenues for future research.Keywords: stem cell therapy, stroke, brain hemorrhage, autologous stem cells transplantation, allogeneic stem cells transplantation, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor