Various distances and orientations influenced the branching traits of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus in Dongshan Island, China

Branch patterns play a key role in assessing plant architecture and are adapted to forest ecosystems. The study aimed to reveal the pattern of branch traits at various distances and orientations from the seashore. For that reason, four sites with various distances from the seashore (SP1: 50–60 m, SP2: 60–100 m, SP3: 100–200 m, and SP4: 200–800 m) were selected and branch traits of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus were determined in Dongshan Island, China. The results showed that there were differences in the branch traits between both the 1st-order and 2nd-order branches, and distance from seashore had a significant impact on branch angle, length, diameter, and the number of leaves of 1st-order branches, whereas branch diameter, length, and the number of leaves of 2nd-order branches. In different orientations, the branch angle, length, number, and diameters of the 1st-order and 2nd-order branches showed no significant differences. Nonetheless, the number of leaves of the 1st-order branches were significantly influenced by different orientations. D. minor var. amoenus exhibited strong phenotypic plasticity with longer branches and formed a sparse crown shape. It adjusted the fractal dimension of the crown and branches by modulating the allometric growth relationships among branching traits to adapt to harsh coastal pressure. This study would provide valuable recommendations for D. minor var. amoenus as windbreaks in the coastal climate.