Nutrigenetics, Nutrigenomics and Precision Nutrition

BACKGROUND: Since our conception to death, we were permanently exposed to nutrition. Indeed, food intake is the key of the environmental factor that modulates our gene. Nutrigenomics focus on how common dietary chemicals altering an individual’s genetic makeup including genome, proteome, and metabolome. While nutrigenetics refer to how the genetic variation gives different responses to nutrients. CONTENT: Nutrigenomics applied the high-throughput genomic-related tools to find out the influence of nutrients on the genes’ expression. While nutrigenetics (nutritional genetics) focus on the heterogenous response of gene variants to nutrients and dietary factors. Application nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, integrated with system biology result in a precision nutrition as a relevant precise personal dietary change recommendation, thus will increase the motivation and sustain to whom the intervention is being delivered. SUMMARY: Individual diet recommendation is not simple. Many factors and tools should be involved adequately. The application of integrated -omics approaches, together with nutrigenomic and nutrigenetics for novel biomarker discovering and precision nutrition tailoring were expected to develop a healthier lifestyle and behavior. KEYWORDS: nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, precision nutrition, metabolomics, system biology