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Titanium Dioxide Particle Type and Concentration Influence the Inflammatory Response in Caco-2 Cells

Authors :
Saeko Tada-Oikawa
Gaku Ichihara
Hitomi Fukatsu
Yuka Shimanuki
Natsuki Tanaka
Eri Watanabe
Yuka Suzuki
Masahiko Murakami
Kiyora Izuoka
Jie Chang
Wenting Wu
Yoshiji Yamada
Sahoko Ichihara
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 17, Iss 4, p 576 (2016)
Publication Year :
2016
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2016.

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used in cosmetics, sunscreens, biomedicine, and food products. When used as a food additive, TiO2 nanoparticles are used in significant amounts as white food-coloring agents. However, the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. The present study was designed to determine the effects of five TiO2 particles of different crystal structures and sizes in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Twenty-four-hour exposure to anatase (primary particle size: 50 and 100 nm) and rutile (50 nm) TiO2 particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages, but in not Caco-2 cells. However, 72-h exposure of Caco-2 cells to anatase (50 nm) TiO2 particles reduced cellular viability in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose (50 µg/mL) of anatase (100 nm), rutile (50 nm), and P25 TiO2 particles also reduced cellular viability in Caco-2 cells. The production of reactive oxygen species tended to increase in both types of cells, irrespective of the type of TiO2 particle. Exposure of THP-1 macrophages to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO2 particles increased interleukin (IL)-1β expression level, and exposure of Caco-2 cells to 50 µg/mL of anatase (50 nm) TiO2 particles also increased IL-8 expression. The results indicated that anatase TiO2 nanoparticles induced inflammatory responses compared with other TiO2 particles. Further studies are required to determine the in vivo relevance of these findings to avoid the hazards of ingested particles.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
14220067
Volume :
17
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.6c4ce152013c4183a2e8ac5743ba8f7a
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040576