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Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) longitudinal prospective pregnancy to childhood cohort study of Australian children at risk of type 1 diabetes: parental demographics and birth information

Authors :
William Rawlinson
Jason A Tye-Din
Simon Barry
Peter J Vuillermin
Leonard C Harrison
Georgia Soldatos
Maria E Craig
Elizabeth A Davis
Peter G Colman
Amanda Anderson
Emma Hamilton-Williams
Pat Ashwood
Tony Huynh
Rebecca L Thomson
Helena Oakey
Aveni Haynes
John M Wentworth
Bek Brittain
James D Brown
Dao Huynh
Ki-Wook Kim
Kelly J McGorm
Grant Morahan
Richard O Sinnott
Megan A S Penno
Jennifer J Couper
Source :
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
BMJ Publishing Group, 2024.

Abstract

Introduction The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is an ongoing Australian prospective cohort study investigating how modifiable prenatal and early-life exposures drive the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. In this profile, we describe the cohort’s parental demographics, maternal and neonatal outcomes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes.Research design and methods Inclusion criteria were an unborn child, or infant aged less than 6 months, with a first-degree relative (FDR) with T1D. The primary outcome was persistent islet autoimmunity, with children followed until a T1D diagnosis or 10 years of age. Demographic data were collected at enrollment. Lifestyle, clinical and anthropometric data were collected at each visit during pregnancy and clinical pregnancy and birth data were verified against medical case notes. Data were compared between mothers with and without T1D. HLA genotyping was performed on the ENDIA child and all available FDRs.Results The final cohort comprised 1473 infants born to 1214 gestational mothers across 1453 pregnancies, with 80% enrolled during pregnancy. The distribution of familial T1D probands was 62% maternal, 28% paternal and 11% sibling. The frequency of high-risk HLA genotypes was highest in T1D probands, followed by ENDIA infants, and lowest among unaffected family members. Mothers with T1D had higher rates of pregnancy complications and perinatal intervention, and larger babies of shorter gestation. Parent demographics were comparable to the Australian population for age, parity and obesity. A greater percentage of ENDIA parents were Australian born, lived in a major city and had higher socioeconomic advantage and education.Conclusions This comprehensive profile provides the context for understanding ENDIA’s scope, methodology, unique strengths and limitations. Now fully recruited, ENDIA will provide unique insights into the roles of early-life factors in the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D in the Australian environment.Trial registration number ACTRN12613000794707.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20524897
Volume :
12
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.6bea03044ba743979e6137da76e170a8
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004130