Treatment options for biliary dyskinesia

Biliary tract is a complex system of biliary excretion consisting of the common hepatic duct, gall bladder with Lutken’s sphincter, common bile duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter of Oddi. The biliary excretion process is characterized by continuity. However, the flow of bile into the intestine occurs only during digestion. This is provided by the reservoir function of the gallbladder and its rhythmic contractions with consequent relaxation of sphincters of Lutken and Oddi. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system (gastrointestinal hormones) are regulating the process by synchronizing the sequence of contraction and relaxation of the gall bladder and the sphincter system.